Julian is a Chartered Patent Attorney, European Patent Attorney and European Trade Mark Attorney and entered the IP profession after taking BSc and PhD degrees in physics from the University of London. He later took a LLM degree in advanced intellectual property litigation. Julian is also a Chartered Physicist, Chartered Scientist, a member of the Institute of Physics, a member of the Institution of Engineering Technology and a member of the Institute of Directors. His practice encompasses all physics based disciplines, in particular engineering; telecommunications and associated technologies including antenna design; design and fabrication of semiconductors; optics; control systems; software; cryptography; mechanical engineering; nanotechnology; medical devices; nuclear physics and imaging; electronics and microprocessor design; voice recognition and text-to-speech conversion and oil services technology. He has wide experience of drafting and prosecuting patent applications and representing clients before both the UK Intellectual Property Office and the European Patent Office. Patent specifications are prepared such that they meet the requirements of the major patent offices throughout the world such as the USPTO, JPO and SIPO and he regularly coordinates multijurisdictional patent portfolios on behalf of both domestic UK/European clients and overseas clients. Julian also represents clients in contentious matters such as oppositions and appeals in the European Patent Office, proceedings before the UK Intellectual Property Office and the UK Courts; and undertakes advisory work including infringement and validity opinions, freedom to operate opinions, due diligence investigations and product clearances. His contentious practice is enhanced by his Higher Courts Litigation Certificate entitling him to conduct IP litigation in the courts. Consequently, he has been involved in both Patents Court and Patents County Court litigation covering a wide range of technologies ranging from cryptographic key exchange architecture (Irdeto v Telewest), design methods for oil exploration drill bits (Halliburton v Smith), GPS applications (GPS Industries v Prolink), automotive manufacturing (Kuka & Thompson Friction Welding v Michael Dorsett & Magna International Inc) and biodegradeable films (Innovia Films Ltd v Fritolay North America, Inc.). Julian has also represented clients in many pre-litigation matters successfully avoiding the need to bring proceedings by achieving satisfactory settlement terms by negotiation.